Unconventional Configuration Studies to Improve Mixing Times in Stirred Tanks

Dynamic perturbations and off‐centered single and dual mixing impeller configurations have been investigated to reduce mixing time with viscous fluids. Mixing times, measured with a color‐discoloration technique based on a fast acid‐base reaction, reveal the presence of both segregated and dead zones. A statistical design approach has been used to evaluate the effect of the impeller position as well as the dynamic conditions. Homogenization is significantly enhanced when a radial flow impeller is used under both off‐centered and dynamic perturbation conditions. In the case of an axial flow impeller, a combination of long clockwise times and short counter‐clockwise times give better mixing times. An enhanced homogenization is also observed when a dual impeller configuration is used.     

Amplification of Periodic Temperature Disturbances in a Packed‐Bed Reactor: CO Oxidation over a CuO/Al2O3 Catalyst

Amplification of periodic variations of input temperature in a product‐inhibited reaction — CO oxidation over CuO‐γ‐Al₂O₃ — was investigated experimentally in an insulated packed‐bed reactor. At steady state the temperature profile was elongated compared with that of a reactant‐inhibited CO oxidation over Pt/Al₂O₃, studied elsewhere. Under periodic operation, amplitudes of the resulting travelling temperature waves, monitored downstream from the reaction front, were amplified to a greater extent than those in the reactant‐inhibited CO oxidation over Pt/Al₂O₃. The magnitude of the amplification depended on the perturbation frequency and showed resonance behaviour. The magnitude decreased monotonically with increasing perturbation amplitude.     

常见三维场景中水面特效的模拟

针对常见三维场景中水面特效真实感与实时性较难平衡的现状,提出了一种基于Gerstner波模型的水面特效模拟方法。对振幅添加了随机扰动,使得波动更具有变化;在将叠加后Gerstner波分为大波与小波的基础上,通过改变不同类型波的参数可方便地控制波形;最后引入反射率与透明度以适应不同的环境与水体。实验结果表明,新的模型不仅呈现出更加真实的水面特效,而且得到了比较理想的渲染速度。     

Robust adaptive neural observer design for a class of nonlinear parabolic PDE systems

A robust adaptive neural observer design is proposed for a class of parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) systems with unknown nonlinearities and bounded disturbances. The modal decomposition technique is initially applied to the PDE system to formulate it as an infinite-dimensional singular perturbation model of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). By singular perturbations, an approximate nonlinear ODE system that captures the dominant (slow) dynamics of the PDE system is thus derived. A neural modal observer is subsequently constructed on the basis of the slow system for its state estimation. A linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach to the design of robust adaptive neural modal observers is developed such that the state estimation error of the slow system is uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) with an ultimate bound. Furthermore, using the existing LMI optimization technique, a suboptimal robust adaptive neural modal observer can be obtained in the sense of minimizing an upper bound of the peak gains in the ultimate bound. In addition, using two-time-scale property of the singularly perturbed model, it is shown that the resulting state estimation error of the actual PDE system is UUB. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the estimation of temperature profile for a catalytic rod.     

双杆摆机构混沌运动的控制

混沌的控制或利用是机构混沌研究的重要问题。在本文中 ,作者首次基于周期信号扰动参数的方法对所发现的双杆摆机构的混沌运动进行了有效的控制 ,得出了外扰周期信号的频率是控制的关键的结论     

Numerical simulation of plasma response to externally applied resonant magnetic perturbation on the J-TEXT tokamak

Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of an equilibrium on the J-TEXT tokamak with applied resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) are performed with NIMROD (non-ideal MHD with rotation, open discussion). Numerical simulation of plasma response to RMPs has been developed to investigate magnetic topology, plasma density and rotation profile. The results indicate that the pure applied RMPs can stimulate 2/1 mode as well as 3/1 mode by the toroidal mode coupling, and finally change density profile by particle transport. At the same time, plasma rotation plays an important role during the entire evolution process.     

Closed-loop balancing for a class of non-linear singularly perturbed systems

The aim of this article is to investigate the closed-loop balancing reduction method for a class of non-linear singularly perturbed systems. We show that the well-known two-stage strategy involved commonly within the singular perturbation theory can be used to derive an approximate closed-loop balancing. The proposed two-stage method avoids the difficult task of solving high dimensional and ill conditioned non-linear Hamilton–Jacobi equation due to the presence of the small perturbation parameter.     

Phase correction, phase resetting, and phase shifts after subliminal timing perturbations in sensorimotor synchronization.

Recent studies of synchronized finger tapping have shown that perceptually subliminal phase shifts in an auditory sequence are rapidly compensated for in the motor activity (B. H. Repp, 2000a). Experiment 1 used a continuation-tapping task to confirm that this compensation is indeed a phase correction, not an adjustment of the central timekeeper period. Experiments 2–5 revealed that this phase correction occurs even when there is no ordinary sensorimotor asynchrony-when the finger taps are in antiphase or arbitrary phase relative to the auditory sequence (Experiments 2 and 3) or when the tap coinciding with the sequence phase shift is withheld (Experiments 4 and 5). The phase correction observed in the latter conditions was instantaneous, which suggests that phase resetting occurs when the motor activity is discontinuous. A prolonged phase shift suggestive of overcompensation was observed in some conditions, which poses a challenge to pure phase correction models. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Singular perturbations for coupled second order boundary value difference systems

In this paper singular perturbations for coupled second order boundary value difference systems with a small parameter are studied. The asymptotic development of the solution of non-homogeneous boundary value problems related to them and approximations of the exact solution are obtained.     

Effects of small delays on stability of singularly perturbed systems

A small delay in the feedback loop of a singularly perturbed system may destabilize it; however, without the delay, it is stable for all small enough values of a singular perturbation parameter ε. Sufficient and necessary conditions for preserving stability, for all small enough values of delay and ε, are obtained in two cases: in the case of delay proportional to ε and in the case of independent delay and ε. In the second case, the sufficient conditions are given in terms of an LMI. A delay-dependent LMI criterion for the stability of singularly perturbed differential-difference systems is derived.